GLP-1 MedicationFrequently Asked Questions
Everything you need to know about Zepbound, Mounjaro, Wegovy, and Ozempic
1Getting Started
Q: What is a GLP-1 medication?
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications are injectable drugs that mimic a natural hormone in your body. They slow stomach emptying, reduce appetite, and help regulate blood sugar. Common GLP-1 medications include tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro) and semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic).
Q: How much weight can I expect to lose?
Clinical trials show average weight loss of 15-22% of body weight over 68 weeks. Tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro) tends to show slightly higher weight loss (20-22%) compared to semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) at 15-17%. Individual results vary significantly based on diet, exercise, starting weight, and dose.
Q: How long does it take to see results?
Most people notice decreased appetite within the first 1-2 weeks. Visible weight loss typically starts around week 4-6. Significant results become apparent after 12-16 weeks at maintenance dose. Remember, the medication takes 4-5 weeks to reach steady-state levels in your body.
Q: Do I need a prescription?
Yes, all GLP-1 medications (Zepbound, Mounjaro, Wegovy, Ozempic) require a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider. You can get prescriptions from your doctor, endocrinologist, or through telehealth services like Calibrate, Sequence, or Ro.
2Dosing & Administration
Q: How often do I inject?
All major GLP-1 medications are injected once per week, on the same day each week. The long half-life (5-7 days) means one injection provides coverage for the entire week.
Q: Where should I inject?
You can inject in your stomach (most common), thigh, or upper arm. The stomach generally provides best absorption. Rotate injection sites weekly to prevent tissue damage and maintain effectiveness. Stay at least 2 inches away from your belly button.
Q: What if I miss a dose?
If you're within 4 days of your scheduled dose, take it as soon as you remember. If more than 4 days have passed, skip that dose and resume your normal schedule. Never double dose. Contact your doctor if you miss multiple doses.
Q: How do I increase my dose?
Your doctor will create a titration schedule, typically increasing every 4 weeks. This gradual increase allows your body to adjust and minimizes side effects. Never increase dose on your own - always follow your doctor's prescribed schedule.
Q: Can I split my weekly dose?
No. These medications are designed for once-weekly injection. Splitting the dose can affect how well it works and may increase side effects. The extended half-life is what makes weekly dosing effective.
3Side Effects
Q: What are the most common side effects?
The most common side effects are nausea (30-50%), constipation (20-30%), diarrhea (15-20%), fatigue (10-15%), and heartburn (10-20%). Most side effects improve significantly by week 4 as your body adjusts.
Q: How do I manage nausea?
Eat smaller, more frequent meals. Avoid fatty and greasy foods. Try ginger (tea, chews, or capsules). Take vitamin B6 (25-50mg). Stay upright after eating. Many users find nausea peaks days 1-3 after injection and improves throughout the week.
Q: Will I lose hair?
Some users (5-10%) experience temporary hair thinning due to rapid weight loss and potential protein deficiency, not the medication itself. This is called telogen effluvium. Ensure adequate protein intake (80-120g daily), take biotin (5,000-10,000mcg), and be patient - hair typically regrows after 6-9 months.
Q: Are GLP-1 medications safe long-term?
Studies show GLP-1 medications are safe for long-term use. Semaglutide has been used for diabetes since 2017, with extensive safety data. However, there are rare serious risks including pancreatitis and thyroid tumors (mainly in animal studies). Discuss your personal risk factors with your doctor.
4Diet & Lifestyle
Q: Do I need to diet while on GLP-1 medication?
While the medication reduces appetite significantly, you still need to make healthy food choices. Focus on protein (80-120g daily), vegetables, and nutrient-dense foods. The medication makes it easier to eat less, but what you eat still matters for maintaining muscle mass and getting adequate nutrition.
Q: How much protein do I need?
Aim for 0.8-1g of protein per pound of goal body weight (or 80-120g minimum daily). Protein is crucial for preserving muscle mass during weight loss and preventing hair loss. Prioritize protein at every meal.
Q: Can I drink alcohol?
Alcohol is not prohibited, but many users find their tolerance decreases and side effects worsen. Alcohol can increase nausea and reflux. If you drink, do so in moderation and with food. Be aware that alcohol calories still count toward weight loss.
Q: Should I exercise?
Yes! Resistance training 2-3x per week helps preserve muscle mass during weight loss. Even 20-30 minutes of walking daily improves results and helps with constipation. Exercise isn't required for weight loss on GLP-1s, but it dramatically improves body composition.
Q: Can I eat my favorite foods?
Yes, but many users find fatty, greasy, or very sweet foods trigger severe nausea. You're not restricted, but your body often self-regulates. Listen to your body - if something makes you feel sick, avoid it.
5Results & Expectations
Q: Why did I hit a plateau?
Plateaus lasting 2-4 weeks are completely normal. Your body is adjusting. If plateau extends beyond 4-6 weeks at your current dose, discuss with your doctor about increasing dose. Also evaluate calories, protein intake, and activity level.
Q: Can I stop taking the medication?
Yes, but most people regain weight after stopping. GLP-1 medications work while you're taking them. This is a long-term medication for most people. If you stop, work with your doctor on a transition plan including diet and exercise strategies.
Q: Will I gain weight back?
Most people regain some weight after stopping GLP-1 medications. However, lifestyle changes made during treatment (better food choices, portion control, regular exercise) can help maintain some of the loss. Consider these medications a long-term tool, not a quick fix.
Q: How long until I reach my goal weight?
Most significant weight loss occurs in the first 6-12 months. Average weight loss is 1-2 lbs per week, though this varies. Reaching goal weight typically takes 12-18 months depending on starting weight and goal. Slower is actually better for maintaining muscle mass.
6Zepbound vs Mounjaro vs Wegovy vs Ozempic
Q: What's the difference between Zepbound and Mounjaro?
Same medication (tirzepatide), different FDA approvals. Mounjaro is approved for type 2 diabetes. Zepbound is approved specifically for weight loss. They use the same pens and dosing. Insurance coverage may differ.
Q: What's the difference between Wegovy and Ozempic?
Same medication (semaglutide), different FDA approvals. Ozempic is approved for type 2 diabetes. Wegovy is approved specifically for weight loss. Wegovy goes up to 2.4mg while Ozempic max is 2mg for diabetes.
Q: Which is better: tirzepatide or semaglutide?
Clinical trials show tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro) produces slightly more weight loss (20-22% vs 15-17%). However, individual response varies. Semaglutide has been available longer with more real-world data. Work with your doctor to choose based on your health profile, insurance coverage, and availability.
Q: Can I switch between medications?
Yes, with your doctor's guidance. Many people switch due to supply issues, side effects, or insurance changes. Your doctor will create a transition plan. There may be an adjustment period when switching.
7Cost & Insurance
Q: How much does it cost?
Without insurance: $900-$1,400/month. With insurance coverage: $25-$50/month copay. Savings programs: Check manufacturer savings cards - Mounjaro/Zepbound (Lilly) and Wegovy/Ozempic (Novo Nordisk) offer programs that can reduce cost to $25/month if eligible.
Q: Does insurance cover weight loss medications?
Coverage varies widely. Many plans now cover Wegovy and Zepbound for weight loss if you meet BMI requirements (typically BMI ≥30 or BMI ≥27 with comorbidities). Medicare does not currently cover weight loss medications. Check with your specific plan.
Q: What about compounded semaglutide?
Compounded versions are available from pharmacies during shortage periods, typically $200-$400/month. These are not FDA-approved but use the same active ingredient. Quality and sterility standards may vary. Discuss risks and benefits with your doctor.
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